Stainless Steel Grade AISI 416 | EN 1.4005 | DIN X12CrS13

Martensitic stainless steel AISI 416 EN 1.4005 | DIN X12CrS13 is a stainless alloy that can be freely machined. The machinability of this grade is 85% - this is the highest figure among all stainless steels. It demonstrates good high strength in the hardened and tempered condition.

The grade contains a small amount (13%) of chromium in its composition, but its corrosion resistance is impaired by the addition of sulfur. Therefore, caution should be exercised when selecting this stainless steel for use in aggressive environments that may promote crevice or pitting corrosion. EN 1.4005 is probably the least corrosion-resistant alloy of all known stainless steel grades.

Welding

AISI 416 steel is difficult to weld. Weldability is affected by the high sulfur content in its composition. If possible, it is better to avoid welding, especially autogenous welding. An exception is friction welding. If welding is unavoidable, filler EN 1.4833 should be used. Quenching at 650 °C after welding is recommended to restore some plasticity in the welding and heating zone. It is also necessary to ensure that the gases used in welding do not contain nitrogen or hydrogen.

Heat treatment

AISI 416 | EN 1.4005 | DIN X12CrS13 is essentially a similar steel to AISI 410 | EN 1.4006 | DIN X12CrN13 to which sulphur has been added in controlled quantities to improve machinability and allow this steel to be easily used for automated machining purposes.

Stainless steel AISI 416 can be fully annealed at temperatures from 815 to 900 °C, followed by slow cooling in a furnace and air cooling. Technological annealing of steel can be performed at temperatures from 650 to 760 °C and with air cooling.

Forging

It is recommended to gradually heat the material to a temperature of approximately 800 °C before heating it more rapidly to a temperature between 1150 °C and 1180 °C. Forging then typically occurs at a temperature of 1180 °C - 1000 °C, followed by slow cooling in a furnace or in dry ash or similar material to facilitate slow cooling.

Processing

AISI 416 | EN 1.4005 demonstrates better machinability compared to AISI 410 EN | 1.4006 due to the addition of sulfur to its composition. As with all martensitic stainless steel grades, the machining parameters depend on the heat treatment condition of the steel.

Mechanical properties

Physical properties